Tuesday, July 23, 2019
Motivation - Managing people and organisation Essay
Motivation - Managing people and organisation - Essay Example Abraham Maslowââ¬â¢s studies during the early 1940ââ¬â¢s involving human personality and the motivations responsible for initiating action led him to organize a list of five levels which describes peopleââ¬â¢s most fundamental needs. These include, in order of importance, Physiological, Safety, Love, Esteem and Self-actualization. Physiology concerns bodily necessities including breath, thirst, hunger etc. Safety is the sense of security, such as the need for a worker to safeguard his family by keeping his job. Love describes the need to be accepted within a group and esteem refers to a sense of self-respect (Maslow, 1987). Self- actualization, according to Maslow, describes an individualââ¬â¢s personal growth and can occur only after the other four needs are fulfilled. As someone nears self-actualization, they are becoming increasingly astute and wise and are able to quickly realize the correct course regarding many types of everyday situations. ââ¬Å"Maslowââ¬â¢s ul timate conclusion that the highest levels of self-actualization are transcendent in their nature may be one of his most important contributions to the study of human behavior and motivationâ⬠(Daniels, cited in Huitt, 2004). Maslow theorized that by attending to the low level needs first such as security and the need to belong, then providing self respect, employers could more effectively motivate workers. Twenty years following Maslowââ¬â¢s breakthrough work, Frederick Herzberg endeavored to determine the main factors that motivated employees building from Maslowââ¬â¢s hierarchy of needs model. Herzbergââ¬â¢s research produced the motivator-hygiene theory concluding that employees could not be motivated to improve output by simply addressing the low-level needs; that this ideology serves only to motivate workers to begin seeking other employment rather than leading to a satisfactory and enjoyable
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